a) IV, iii, (19-28) King Claudius: "Now, Hamlet, where's Polonius?" Hamlet: "At supper". King Claudius: "At supper where?" Hamlet: "Not where he eats, but where he is eaten. A certain convocation of politic worms are e'en at him. Your worm is your only emperor for diet".
-Hamlet has gone off the rocker a little bit here when he tells Claudius that Polonius is at dinner with the worms (being eaten by worms) after he had killed him.
b) IV, iv, (35-41) "What is a man/ If his chief good and market of his time/ Be but to sleep and feed? A beast no more. Sure He that made us with such large discourse; Looking before and after, gave us not/ That capability and godlike reason/ To fust in us unused".
-Hamlet is talking about how if men are given this divine power by God, that he must use it instead of letting it go to waste. This is referring to the revenge he has been procrastinating against with Claudius.
c) IV, iv, (50-56) "Witness this army of such mass and charge, Led by a delicate and tender prince, Whose spirit with divine ambition puffed/ Makes mouths at the invisible event, Exposing what is mortal and unsure/ To all that fortune, death and danger dare, Even for an eggshell".
-Here Hamlet comes back down to the real world and speaks about how Fortinbras has this army that is willing to risk their lives for something as small as an "eggshell".